Cancer

Cancer is a kind of disease in which cells divide abnormally without control and may overrun other tissues. Through blood and other lymph system these cells spread in all over body. Cancer results in death if spread of cells is not controlled.

Symptoms of Cancer

Types The main types of cancer are sarcoma, carcinoma, lymphoma and myeloma, leukemia, central nervous system cancers.

• Sarcoma begins in muscle blood, vessels, cartilage, fat, bone, or any other connective or supportive tissue.
• Carcinoma begins in skin or tissues which cover internal organs.
• Lymphoma and myeloma begins in immune system cells.
• Leukemia starts in blood forming tissue as bone marrow, producing numerous abnormal blood cells and then they enter to blood.
• Central nervous system cancer begins into spinal cords and brain.

origin has its origin in cell which is basic unit of human body. Body cells raise and divide within limit to keep body healthy. When they become old, they are replaced with new cells. Occasionally change or damage in the DNA material of cell results in mutation production. It affects division and growth of cell. At this stage death of old cells stop but formation of new ones goes on. As a result extra cells produce a tumor, a mass of the tissues. In leukemia tumor is not formed.

All tumors are not cancerous some of them are malignant and some of them are benign. Benign tumors are not cancerous and they can be removed. They often do not come back. The cells from these tumors do not spread in body. Malignant tumors are cancerous tumors .These cells can spread in to other parts of body. These cells increase suddenly. Metastasis means spreading cancer from one part to other one.

Caners are named after their origin into a specific organ.e.g. Cancer beginning in the mouth is known as the oral cancer.

Riskfactor

External factors causing cancer are:

• Tobacco
• Infectious organisms
• Radiation
• Chemicals

Internal factors causing cancer are:

• Hormone
• Inherited mutations
• Immune conditions
• Mutations that occur from metabolism

If you are exposed to external factor and you are caught by the disease then ten or more years pass till cancer is detected.

Treatment

Surgery, chemotherapy or radiation, biological therapy, hormone therapy, and the target therapy treat cancer. The treatment provides you options. You have to decide that if you want to cure and control your disease or only get comfort. In early diagnosis cure is possible in middle stage control is achieved and at the last stage the person just wants to live comfortably. Your health in general, financial costs of treatment, reactions of the treatment, effect of treatment can be checked and then after consulting with your surgeon treatment is decided.

Prevention

If cancer causes by heavy alcohol intake, or cigarette smoking then it can be prevented. The cancers related to physical inactivity, obesity, nutrition could be prevented. The cancers associated to infectious agents as human papillomavirous (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and others can be prevented through vaccines, behavioral changes, or antibodies. The sun ray protection can prevent various skin cancers.